It is impossible to use the well if there is no pump. It is an indispensable component for the complete arrangement of this structure. Drawing water from a narrow barrel will not be appropriate with a bucket. It takes a lot of time and effort to lift from a depth and transport water manually. I don’t want to waste any of these precious resources. You probably agree with this statement.
Against this background, the question arises of which pump to choose for the well. If you choose the right equipment, you will be able to fill the containers in the house, garden or bathhouse in a matter of minutes. Nowadays there is an opportunity to buy equipment to service objects of different levels. At the base, it is possible to build an automatic plumbing system that will not depend on centralized supplies and what kind of participation the owner takes during the pumping process itself.
Content
List of the best manufacturers of pumps for wells - which company to give preference
Within the framework of our article, it will be described in detail how to choose a pump for a well, what should the future owner of the device pay attention to. Clarifying important points to users is very important. But before that, it is recommended to find out which manufacturers are the best on the market today. This will allow you not to make a mistake and not get on a low-quality product. Below are the companies that have been able to positively establish themselves in the market. They are respected by users and specialists in the borehole pump industry.
The list of the best companies includes: LIVHYDROMASH, Vortex, Aquarius, DZHILEKS. Following them, you should familiarize yourself in more detail with those models that are popular on the market and in demand by specialists. But within the framework of our article, we will not dwell on this point. Let's move on to the important nuances of the purchase, which you definitely need to know if you are interested in which pump is better to choose.
The main criteria for buying a pump
Before buying a suitable pump for a well, it is worth clarifying a number of indicators of the structure. Those. you should know what the static and dynamic levels are, the bottom elevation, the pipe diameter, the flow rate.
If you are looking for a pump for a well with a depth of 10-30 meters, which was drilled by a specialized organization, then you should have documents on hand. It should be understood as a technical passport in which these data will be indicated. But in cases where the well is used or not on a long-term basis, you still need to get this information.
If you made the well on your own or resorted to the help of "shabashniks", you are unlikely to have such documents on hand. In this case, you need to study the well yourself, setting the characteristics through simple measurements.
A static level is understood as the distance that separates the water mirror and the soil surface. In order to install it, you need to use a string. Tie a cone-shaped weight to it without a bottom or a cylinder. Instead, you can use a plastic pipe.You also need to have a ruler or tape measure at hand. The length of the string should be appropriate for the depth of the hole. In order to measure this value, the statistical and dynamic level, use a coil of rope.
Also, do not forget to hang a weight at the end. Before starting the measurement, do not take water from the well for at least 1 hour. It is quite appropriate for this time for the water level to be maximum. Now the twine and weight must be lowered into the well until it hits the water. The pop sound will be heard clearly enough.
Be sure to mark the string to pull it out of the shaft by measuring with a suitable instrument. This way, you can identify the really important metric.
The dynamic level is the distance from the ground to the minimum water level of a well in a mine. To determine it, first prepare the well. Pump out water using a submersible pump, which has a high performance. At the time of measurements, you can ask someone for it or buy it. Lower the pump down as the water layer decreases.
Due to the static level of water, the minimum amount of it in the area of the well will be shown, but the dynamic indicator will indicate the minimum amount of water in the case of a running pump. When the water does not sink, it can be assumed that the minimum water level in the mine has been reached. You need to do the operation again with the weight, tape measure and twine. In this case, the measurements will give a new well indicator - the dynamic level.
Please note that it is important to compare the data obtained. You will be able to make a preliminary conclusion about the well productivity. The smaller the difference between the indicators, the faster the water column will be replenished, and it will also make it clear how powerful the pump should be used in this case.
It should be noted that if this is an artesian well, then the indicators of the static and dynamic level will coincide. This indicates an exceptionally high level of productivity of this structure. This will happen, as the water arrives quickly and is pumped out as quickly as possible. The difference in levels, as a rule, is not more than 1 m. Information about the dynamic level is important in particular if it is planned to install a submersible pump for a well. In depth, it should not submerge more than 2 m than the dynamic level. This will keep the device in the water at all times.
Well flow rate is the amount of water that can be obtained within a unit of time. Experts designate it as l / min, cubic meters. m / day, cubic meters m / hour, and other designations are also used. If pumping out by a high-power pump provokes changes in the water level with an insignificant indicator, then this means that it arrives quickly enough.
In order to determine this parameter, you need to pump out water, measure the volume, find out how long it will take for the well to be filled again. It can be considered that the parameter is large and choose a pump that has high performance properties. When calculating this parameter, it is worth remembering that this value does not apply to constants. In spring, water will flow into the well much faster than in summer, and in winter this process is slower. From this, the parameter is constantly changing.
If you need to check if the well is filled with water and why the inflow has stopped, it is necessary to measure the depth of the water level. If it matches the obtained static level, then the well is already filled. Those. after pumping down, these measurements will need to be repeated again.
The static level is measured before pumping out or after the HW mirror is restored. The dynamic indicator should be measured immediately when pumping is complete.
When the water decreases rapidly, but arrives slowly, you need to establish an accurate indicator of the volume of water that can be obtained from a given well. It is worth taking a container, but with a large volume, and so that it is accurately installed.Most often, experts use a barrel or tank, a bath. It is important that the volume that fits there is known to you.
Initially, lower the pump closer to the bottom of the well and pump out the water. This will become clear from the sound of a working pump, which seems to be "sobbing". Then measure the time and wait for the static level to be restored in the well. Pump out the water again and check the volume. A simple division of cubic meters by liters or hours by minutes will be enough to understand what the well debit is.
This parameter allows you to select the pump that will meet the volume of water that comes into the well in terms of performance. If the equipment is too powerful, then the well will be empty, and this will lead to the pump running without water, which will lead to its breakdown in the near future.
It is important that the diameter of the borehole pump is 3 cm less than the inner diameter of the casing. This is important in order to prevent the unit from jamming during production. To determine the elevation of the bottom of the well, i.e. depth, you need to use twine and a heavy load, where there will be no cavities inside. It should be lowered to the bottom until the string weakens, and only then can it be removed and measured. As a rule, the measurement is carried out only with the wet part of the string, and its dry part will correspond to the statistical water level in the area of the well. The total well depth will be equal to the sum of 2 values. This is a statistical level and depth to the water surface.
And one more detail - the well diameter should be understood as the diameter of the casing. When choosing a pump, it is worth considering the inner diameter, since the dimensions of the pump should allow it to be freely lowered down, and, if necessary, raised up.
Varieties of pumps for wells
Centrifugal submersible pumps
A popular borehole pump option. It belongs to the dynamic type in accordance with the principle of operation and the blade type, as well as the force effect on the liquid.
Its structure consists of a cylindrical body, an electric motor, a suction chamber, impellers, a shaft, a protective mesh, a flow channel, a check valve, and an outlet pipe.
The unit, which is in a liquid medium, sucks in water. Using wheels equipped with blades, it gives the flow a centrifugal motion. As a result, under pressure, it directs it through the pressure connection into the area of the pipeline. The workflow will also include a cable for connecting to the network, a cable that lowers the cylinder through a hole in the casing, as well as a control unit for level sensors and pressure alarms.
In the course of operation, cooling is carried out by the pumped water. To avoid corrosion, specialists are accustomed to making the case on the basis of plastic or stainless material.
This type of pump has its advantages. These include high properties of efficiency, pressure and productivity. Also, there is no noise during operation, due to the location of the device. There is no overheating either, because there is cooling and it is carried out due to the pumped medium. The temperature of the water at a depth does not change almost, which makes it impossible to freeze. For a long time, the device operates smoothly and is convenient to use. If the pump is made by the manufacturer conscientiously, taking into account high-quality materials and good assembly, then it will serve for a long time.
As for the disadvantages, they consist in the fact that various kinds of assembly difficulties arise. It is also important to indicate the dependence of the efficiency of the functioning and the stability of the power grid. Let us also indicate the considerable cost of the device, which is far from affordable for everyone.
But keep in mind that the characteristics of this type make it possible to use the models for different purposes.These can be objects of the private sector, industry, where agriculture is present.
In view of the number of wheels, which can be 1 and 10, or more, the length of the device can be more than 2.5, while the power indicators are 5.5 kW. The weight of the pump can be up to 50 kg, and the head can reach 400 m. Structures with maximum performance are really expensive. The price can reach more than 100,000 rubles. As a rule, more modest indicators are chosen for household needs, and therefore the price will be lower.
Vortex submersible pumps
Another option that is quite popular. It belongs to dynamic friction units. The design is represented by an engine, a casing, an impeller with plates, a shaft, a water intake grid, a discharge nozzle, bottom and top flanges.
The essence of the work is similar to the previous apparatus. The only difference is that a tightly seated wheel has a number of special blades, due to which vortices are created in an additional way, which in a significant state can increase the water pressure.
In view of the design of brass and bronze wheels with inclined or radial blades, it is customary to divide the devices into closed and open vortex. Since there is no gap between the working element and the walls of the case, when choosing it is worth paying maximum attention to the purity of the liquid. If the water contains more than 10 g / m3 of sand, remaining without use, then it will quickly break.
This type has its advantages. They consist in the fact that the head has really increased indicators, it is possible to pump water even from great depths. Noise will not occur, as well as the device overheating or freezing during operation. There is the possibility of self-priming, insensitivity to air in liquid. Most of the models are affordable for the price.
As for the disadvantages, they are low efficiency. It will not be higher than 50 percent as a rule. Wear will be very fast, especially if there is a significant amount of sand. For the price, this is an acceptable option. It does not require high precision.
Please note that vortex types of submersible pumps are used in various fields and areas. Due to them, it is possible to provide water supply to a private house, a fire extinguishing system, fill water towers, use a full-fledged watering of a vegetable garden or garden.
Submersible screw pumps
It is presented in the form of an apparatus with volumetric dimensions, which corresponds to the rotary type. The design includes a housing, a motor, a filter mesh, a screw, a shaft, a safety valve, and a pressure connection.
The device works by rotating the screw. This is a screw that, after water enters the receiving chamber, is able to direct it into the branch pipe and further along the pipes to the consumer.
There are 2 features in the operation of the device. Contamination of the liquid is allowed, the speed increases, which increase the performance indicator, but the pressure remains the same.
The devices are presented in 2 types. These are the standard ones applied at -25 for sand wells due to low production rates. And also deep ones that pump water from the layers of artesian depths.
This type is endowed with a number of advantages. They consist in the fact that the device has great possibilities for selection in accordance with the technical characteristics. The water is supplied evenly. The pump is capable of lifting liquid from great depths. It is incredibly convenient that the device is resistant to dirt, it is not subject to noise or vibration, and it will last a long time.
The disadvantages include average efficiency indicators, as well as low popularity in the market. But here the high cost in appearance also plays an important role.
These screw pumps can be used in industry, everyday life, agriculture. In some cases, they are supplemented with additional treatment from impurities and sand.
Vibrating Submersible Pumps
This is a vibration-submersible type, which is designed in a radically different way than other structures.It has no rotating elements in the system.
The design is represented by a body, a core with a coil, an anchor, a diaphragm, a shock absorber, a rod, a piston, suction holes, a discharge pipe.
The device works on the basis of translational-return movements. The mechanism supplies current to the coil winding. During magnetization and demagnetization, a vacuum can be created in the cylinder. After that, water with a high frequency through the valves will be sucked in and supplied to the consumer through the outlet pipe through the pipe. Such devices pump liquid from a shallow depth. They are capable of delivering a pressure of up to 60 m. Against the background of a number of advantages that the device has, there is also a disadvantage. It consists in the fact that vibration is created that destroys the trunk and erodes the clay bottom.
The pluses include the fact that the design of this type of pump is simple and reliable. It is served quite simply by repair work. The use is universal, and the user is spared a number of problems, since the pump is not afraid of noise or cooling. In terms of operation, this option is excellent. It is simple and inexpensive for the price.
As for the disadvantages, they are due to the fact that the performance indicators in this case are not the highest. And there is a possibility that the pump will contribute to the destruction of the well.
There is no better option as a well. If you chose it for a well, then it is suitable for irrigating land. If this is for domestic purposes, then the fence should be arranged in a layer with sand and stones. But loam and clay are completely excluded.
No less important nuances
When choosing a pump, it is important to consider the quality of drilling work. If professional equipment and crew were involved, this well will be reliable. If you have resorted to the help of acquaintances and friends, then this is unlikely. Professional drilling contributes to rare cases of sanding and silting. This will have a beneficial effect on the functioning of the pump.
If this is an amateur job, then most often, the well will be subject to sanding and silting. For this reason, it is recommended to resort to special pumps that are designed to function in the most difficult conditions. Equipment of this type will cost more, but it will easily transfer the situation when water containing contamination begins to flow into it. Under such loads, a simple pump will quickly fail. Professional well owners receive a greater percentage of equipment selection.
Thus, they will be able to choose a universal or a special pump. It will not always be convenient to use a rubber hose to lift water from the depth of the well to a height. During the operation of the pumping equipment, the air that is inside the hose will be rare. For this reason, the walls of the hose collapse, the flow of water stops. Stopping this phenomenon is not an easy task. Instead of a rubber hose, plastic structures with an appropriate diameter should be used.
A pipe that is designed for water pressure will be more effective in a well of 10 meters and more than a rubber hose, which can collapse, preventing water from coming out normally.
The main indicator when choosing a pump is considered to be the approximate water consumption per day. The value is average, as consumption becomes higher in summer and less in winter. The daily norm for a family of 3-4 people is 60-70 liters. But there is no water for irrigation and the need for an economic plan. The rate should be increased in view of the number of plants on the site, pets, etc.
The owners, who are prudent about their site, choose 4-inch pipes for a well of 20 meters or more, even if structures of 3 inches in diameter are also used in this capacity. This is due to the fact that a significant part of the equipment is designed for a spacious 4-inch pipe. In order to convert centimeters to inches, it is worth dividing the measurement result with a tape measure by "2.54".This is due to the fact that an inch is equal to that number of cm.
In order for each point of the water intake to have a pressure that is sufficient for operation, it is necessary to apply a hydraulic calculation. The pump must provide all points to the fullest.
Differences between surface and submersible units
Each household pump for a well of 30 meters or less is usually divided into 2 types. These are surface and submersible. If we talk about the former, then they work on the surface. Installation is carried out near a water source or directly on the surface using a special type of float. But the latter go down to the bottom of the well.
In the work of surface models, it is customary to use the principle of suction. The efficiency of this pump will be affected by the distance the water needs to be lifted. As a rule, use is possible if the depth to the water surface is 8 m or less.
Surface pumps are successfully used, but only for those wells that have a shallow depth. This is due to the fact that the devices are not able to cope with such a difficult rise of water for them to a height of 8 meters or more.
If we talk about an Abyssinian well, then a surface pump is ideal. This is due to the fact that the well is shallow and narrow. These are her specific features. But if this is an artesian or filtration well, then the surface pump simply cannot cope with the load. In this case, it is better to pay attention to the submersible model.
When choosing between these types, we advise you to take into account the fact that the noise level during the operation of the immersion type will be higher. In order to hide this fact, it is enough to cover the pump with a wooden box or install it in a room that is separate from the residential one.
While the surface pump draws in water, the submersible, on the contrary, pushes it up. When choosing such a pump, it is worth considering the height to which the water is supplied. Those. distance from the surface to it. For this reason, add 2 m to the dynamic level data. The boundary will be a height of 40 m.If the data increase the figure, then it is better to choose a pump with an increased power indicator. The technical data sheet of the product has the maximum height to which water is supplied.
So that the noise from the pump does not interfere with others, and you also have the opportunity to protect it, it is better to place the device in a special-purpose box, which you can make yourself or buy. By the visual properties, the technique of different capacities is significantly different. More efficient submersible pumps are distinguished by a large case, they weigh more than models that submerge 40 meters. Based on this parameter, you can decide on the unit that is needed in this case.
If the pump is designed for a depth of 60 meters, then it is suitable for a well of 50 meters. But for a deep well, choose a submersible pump, since a surface structure is not useful for pumping water from a depth of more than 10 m.If the unit is lowered to the maximum depth, it needs to work on a constant basis with maximum load, which will increase wear rate and will shorten the service life.
If the well is 60 m deep, take a pump that is designed to work with a depth of 70 m. But if there is an automatic protection against "dry running", then this is also a big plus. This point is equally important when determining the model to buy.
According to various reasons, it may happen that water does not enter the pump. But if its work does not stop, then this will lead to breakdown due to overheating. With this option, the pump will be turned off and therefore the malfunction can be avoided.
